|
Blaufränkisch (German for ''blue Frankish'') is a dark-skinned variety of grape used for red wine.〔(Wein-Plus Wein-Glossar: Blaufränkisch ), accessed on January 23, 2013〕 Blaufränkisch, which is a late-ripening variety, produces red wines which are typically rich in tannin and may exhibit a pronounced spicy character.〔Appellation America ''"(Lemberger )"'' Accessed: January 20th, 2013〕 The grape is grown across Central Europe, including Austria, Czech Republic (in particular southern Moravia where it is known as ''Frankovka''), Germany, Slovakia (where it is known as ''Frankovka modrá''), Croatia (''frankovka''), Slovenia (known as ''modra frankinja''), and Italy (''Franconia''). In Hungary the grape is called ''Kékfrankos'' (also lit. blue Frankish) and is grown in a number of wine regions including Sopron, Villány, Szekszárd, and Eger (where it is a major ingredient in the famous red wine blend known as ''Egri Bikavér'' (lit. Bull's Blood) having largely replaced the Kadarka grape). It has been called "the Pinot noir of the East" because of its spread and reputation in Eastern Europe.〔 In America this grape is grown in Idaho, Washington State and the Finger Lakes region of New York State, where like in Germany it is known as ''Lemberger'', ''Blauer Limberger'' or ''Blue Limberger''. DNA profiling has shown that Blaufränkisch is a cross between Gouais blanc (Weißer Heunisch) and an unidentified Frankish variety.〔(Vitis International Variety Catalogue: Blaufraenkisch ), accessed on April 23, 2008〕 One of the candidates for the Frankish parent is Blauer Silvaner.〔 For a long time before the application of DNA analysis, Blaufränkisch was erroneously thought to be a clone of the Gamay grape variety, due to certain similarities in morphology and possibly due to its name ''Gamé'' in Bulgaria.〔 The German name Lemberger derives from the fact that it was imported to Germany in the 19th century from Lemberg in Lower Styria in present-day Slovenia and then in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. An 1877 export of ''Lembergerreben'' to Germany has been recorded. The almost identical name Limberger refers to Limburg at Maissau in Lower Austria, where in the late 19th century "ungrafted Limberg Blaufränkisch vines" (''wurzelechte Limberger Blaufränkisch-Reben'') were offered for sale.〔 Washington State is one of the few major wine regions in North America to have significant plantings of Lemberger. Grapes of this Washington wine mostly grow in Yakima Valley, but also at the Olympic Peninsula. Small amounts of Lemberger are also grown in New Jersey,〔Bellview Winery ()〕 Idaho, New York State, Colorado,〔MacNeil, K. ''The Wine Bible'' Workman Publishing, New York ISBN 9781563054341〕 Ohio, and Virginia.〔Blue Frankish – A Great Wine By Any Name (WineCompass )〕 ==History and origins== While the first officially documented appearance of Blaufränkisch did not occur until 1862 when the grape was included in a viticultural exposition in Vienna, Austria, it is likely that the grape is much older, and has perhaps been around as long as the Middle Ages under a variety of Fränkisch synonyms. The term Fränkisch itself comes from Franconia, the German wine region that includes northwest Bavaria, the northeastern reaches of Baden-Württemberg around Heilbronn-Franken, and parts of southern Thuringia. During the Middle Ages the wine from this region was highly praised, and grapes that were thought to be capable of producing superior wines were called ''Fränkisch'' to distinguish them from the less highly prized Hunnic grapes. It is likely that from sometime during this period up until the 1900s, Blaufränkisch (literally ''Blue Frankish''), began to be grown in the region.〔J. Robinson, J. Harding and J. Vouillamoz ''Wine Grapes - A complete guide to 1,368 vine varieties, including their origins and flavours'' pgs 116-118, 419-421 Allen Lane 2012 ISBN 978-1-846-14446-2〕 Despite the close association to Franconia, ampelographers believe that the grape likely originated somewhere in a swath of land stretching from Dalmatia through Austria and Hungary. They base this belief on the proliferation of synonyms originating from these areas as well as DNA evidence showing that the old Hungarian wine grape ''Kékfrankos'' was, in fact, Blaufränkisch, and that Gouais blanc (Weisser Heunisch) and an unknown grape variety are the parent varieties of Blaufränkisch. Despite its French name, it has been speculated that Gouais blanc has Eastern European origins, with the term "Heunisch" thought to derive from the Huns, and Gouais blanc being confirmed as a parent variety of another old Hungarian wine grape Furmint, but ultimately the exact birthplace of both Gouais blanc and Blaufränkisch are unknown.〔 The synonyms ''Lemberger'' and ''Limberger'' first appeared in literature near the end of the 19th century in relation to the grape's believed origins from the Austro-Hungarian cities of Lemberg (today in modern Slovenia) and Limberg (today known as Maissau) in Lower Austria. In 1875, the International Ampelographic Commission in Colmar, France adopted Blaufränkisch as an officially sanctioned name.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Blaufränkisch」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|